Validation and analysis of the metric properties of the Leadership Virtues Questionnaire in work and organizational psychologists and individuals who perform leadership functions in Chile.

The literature on leadership and personal competencies exhibits limitations in terms of construct definition, behavior specifications and valid theory-based measuring strategies. An explanatory design with latent variables and the statistical software SAS 9.4 were used for the validation and adaptation to Spanish of the Leadership Virtues Questionnaire applied to work and organizational psychologists and people who exercise leadership functions in Chile. The levels of agreement between judges for the adaptation to the Spanish language and the confirmatory factor analysis of first order with four dimensions shows insufficient statistical indices for the absolute, comparative and parsimonious adjustments. However, a second-order confirmatory factor analysis with two dimensions presents a satisfactory fit for the item, model, and parameter matrices. The measurement of Virtuous Leadership would provide relevant inputs for further evaluation and training based on ethical competencies aimed at improving management, which would, in turn, allow for its treatment as an independent variable to generate an ethical organizational culture.

Reconstrucción del ethos de la ingeniería civil industrial en Chile: un acercamiento preliminar / Reconstruction of the ethos of industrial civil engineer career in Chile: a preliminary approach / Reconstrução do ethos da engenharia civil industrial no Chile: uma aproximação preliminar

Investigación cualitativa para reconstruir el ethos profesional de la ingeniería civil industrial en Chile desde la subjetividad de sus actores. Se indagó en la experiencia profesional y la construcción de significados respecto de la ética e interculturalidad en su profesión, en un grupo de ingenieros civiles industriales y estudiantes que hubieran realizado su última práctica profesional. Todos los participantes habían estudiado o aún estudiaban en universidades estatales chilenas. La indagación se efectuó mediante entrevistas individuales y grupales a 29 individuos, de las que devengaron 19 textos, analizados mediante la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Los resultados permiten aventurar que el ethos de la Ingeniería Civil Industrial en Chile contiene como elemento nuclear la eficiencia y, por ende, la calidad del trabajo en sí misma. Sin embargo, este ethos se presenta tensionado con las aspiraciones por transformarla en una disciplina en la que sus profesionales además actúen conscientes de su responsabilidad social. En este sentido, es posible suponer que se trataría de una profesión en la cual, al menos en Chile, su carácter moral podría estar experimentando un proceso de reconstrucción.

Looking for Industrial Engineering professional ethos reconstruction from its actors’ subjectivity, a qualitative research on professional experience and meaning construction on ethics and interculturality, in Chilean Industrial engineers and students who had already finished their last practicum, is reported. All participants had studied or were still studying in Chilean public universities. Inquiry was performed by means of individual and group interviews which provided 19 texts, afterwards analyzed by means of Grounded Theory procedures. Results allow to adventure that Industrial Engineering ethos, in Chile, had as its nucleus efficiency, and so, tasks quality itself. Nevertheless, this ethos is tensioned with the aspiration to transform this discipline in one whose professionals also would work being conscious of its social responsibility. According to these results, it’s feasible to presume that, at least in Chile, Industrial Engineering is experiencing a reconstruction process in its moral character.

Investigação qualitativa para reconstruir o ethos profissional da engenharia civil industrial no Chile a partir da subjetividade de seus atores. Se indagou a experiência profissional e a construção de significados a respeito da ética e interculturalidade em sua profissão, a um grupo de engenheiros civis industriais e estudantes que tiveram realizado sua última prática profissional. Todos os participantes haviam estudado ou ainda estudavam em universidades estatais chilenas. A indagação se efetuou mediante entrevistas individuais e coletivas a 29 indivíduos, das quais obtiveram 19 textos, analisados mediante a metodologia da Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Os resultados permitem aventurar que o ethos da Engenharia Civil Industrial no Chile contém como elemento nuclear a eficiência e, por fim, a qualidade do trabalho em si mesma. Todavia, este ethos se apresenta tensionado com as aspirações por transformá-lo numa disciplina na qual seus profissionais ademais atuem conscientes de sua responsabilidade social. Neste sentido, é possível supor que se trataria de uma profissão na qual, ao menos no Chile, seu caráter moral poderia estar experimentando um processo de reconstrução.

Representación social de la noción de felicidad en estudiantes y profesionales de educación y salud de Chile e Italia / Social Representation of Happiness in Students and Both Education and Health Professionals from Chile and Italy

La felicidad es una construcción simbólica polisémica con múltiples raíces filosóficas que aglutina sentidos de lo bueno y lo deseable para la vida humana. En ciencias sociales y psicología se aborda desde múltiples conceptos, en función de los cuales se realizan estudios mundiales cuyos resultados orientan las políticas públicas. Se propone un abordaje emic, a través de un estudio transcultural sobre su representación social en muestras de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud y la educación en Chile e Italia, agentes socializadores en bienestar y calidad de vida. La investigación contempló dos estudios cualitativos, el primero aplicando un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas a 164 participantes y el segundo realizando ocho grupos focales con 65 sujetos. Se realizó análisis de contenido inductivo para la generación de categorías y dimensiones socio-semánticas. Se constató un núcleo común a ambos países para la noción, componentes y tres tipos de felicidad. Se concluyó que los significados sobre felicidad influyen en las experiencias, su interpretación, los juicios de vida y la orientación del proyecto vital de las personas. Se problematizan estos resultados a la luz de los estudios mundiales de felicidad y el tratamiento del constructo en el escenario social.

Happiness is a symbolic polysemic construction, with multiple- philosophical roots, which brings sense to the good and desirable for human life. In social sciences and psychology it is approached from multiple concepts, and accordingly their results orient public policy. One emic approach is proposed, through a cross-cultural study of its social representation on samples of students and professionals from health and educational areas of Chile and Italy, which are socializing agents on well-being and quality of life. The research included two qualitative studies, the first using an open-ended questionnaire to 164 participants and the second conducting eight focus groups with 65 subjects. Inductive content analysis was used to generate categories and socio-semantic dimensions. A common nucleus to both countries was found, for the notion, components and three types of happiness. It was concluded that the meanings of happiness influence the experiences, interpretations, trials of life and the vital project orientation of individuals. These results were problematized in light of global studies of happiness and the treatment of the construct in the social scenario.